Abstract
MostChinesestudentscannotwriteasatisfactorycompositionundertraditionalteachingsystem.Oneofthemainreasonisthattraditionalteachingmethodseparateswordsteachingfromgrammarteaching,sothatstudentscannotcombineisolatedwordsintogrammaticalandauthenticsentences.Duetothisproblem,someresearchersinroducedlexicalchunkapproachintoEnglishwriting.
However,mostresearchesabouttherelationshipbetweenlexicalchunkapproachandEnglishwritingatpresentmainlyfocusontheoreticalstudies,inwhichonlyafewempiricalstudiesinvolved.Moreover,thoseempiricalstudiesonlydealwiththewritingsituationofcollegestudentswhobelongtoadvancedlearners,butarenotinvolvedinjuniormiddleschools.Thus,theeffectivenessofpreviousfindingstotheelementarylearnersremainsdoubtful.Therefore,theauthortriestoputlexicalchunkapproachintoEnglishwritingteachinginmiddleschools,whichaimstoexploretheinfluenceoflexicalchunkapproachonEnglishwritingperformanceofjuniormiddleschoolstudents,andtriestofindoutiflexicalchunkapproachcanenhancestudents'interest,confidenceandimproveEnglishwritinglevel.
Thesubjectsare75studentsfromtwoclassesofGradeTwoinDalianNO.107MiddleSchool.
Controlgroupconsistsof37participants,taughtwithtraditionalteachingmethod.
ExperimentalGroupincludes38participants,taughtwithlexicalchunkapproach.Theexperimentmethodsarequestionnaires,pre-testandpost-test.Theresearchquestionsareasfollows:
1.IfthelexicalchunkapproachappliedtoEnglishwritingteachingcanhelpraisethewritingabilitiesofjuniormiddleschoolstudents?
2.HowtoraisetheawarenessofstudentsusinglexicalchunksinEnglishwriting?
3.Ifthelexicalchunkapproachhelpraisestudents'interestandconfidenceofEnglishwriting?
Theteachingprocedureincludesthreestages:inputtinglexicalchunksbeforewriting,outputtinglexicalchunksinwriting,apreciatingandmemorizinglexicalchunksafterwriting.
Allstagesaremainlyfocusonraisingstudents'awarenessofusinglexicalchunks,helpingstudentstoaccumulate,comprehendandmemorizelexicalchunkseffectivelyandguidingstudentstouselexicalchunksappropriatelyinwriting.Afterfourmonths'experiment,theauthoranalyzestwoquestionnaires,collectsthewritingscoresandthelexicalchunksusedinstudents'compositionsinpre-testandpost-test.ThedataisanalyzedstatisticallybyusingSPSS16.0toconductacomparativestudy.Dataresultsshowthatthestudentsintheexperimentalgroupachievegreaterprogress,usemorelexicalchunksandhavemoreinterestandconfidencetowardswritingthanthestudentsinthecontrolgroupaftertheexperiment.ItisconcludedthatlexicalchunkapproachishelpfultoimprovetheEnglishwritingperformanceofjuniormiddleschoolstudentsandenhancetheirconfidenceandinterest.
Finally,theauthorputsforwardsomelimitationsofthisstudy,alsoalongwithsomesuggestionsforfurtherstudies.
KeyWords:EnglishWriting;JuniorMiddleSchoolStudents;LexicalChunkApproach
Abstract
Asanindispensablepartofmasscommunicationinmodernlife,filmsshoulderthemissionofdeliveringinformationandtransmittingculture.Consequently,subtitletranslationhasbecomeanewfieldoftranslationpractice.WiththeincreasinglyfrequentculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandforeigncountries,foreignfilmsandtelevisionarefloodingintoChina.EnglishfilmsareespeciallypopularamongChineseaudiences.
However,comparedwiththetraditionaltranslationstudies,audiovisualsubtitletranslationstudyisfarfromsystematicandmature.EspeciallyinChina,specializedstudyonaudiovisualsubtitletranslationhasnotformedarelativelymaturetheoreticalguidance.
Therefore,howtotranslateEnglishfilmsundertheguidanceofpropertheoriesandenabletheChineseaudiencestoappreciatetheforeignfilmisofgreatsignificance.
Giventheproblemsofthecurrentsubtitletranslation,thisthesisdissertstheapplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.Differentfromthetraditionaltranslationtheories,FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryfocusesonreceptorresponse,measuringtranslationbywhetherthereceptorsofthetranslatedtexthaveequivalentresponseastheoriginalreceptors,andpointsoutthattheessenceoftranslationistoreproducethesourcetextwiththeclosestnaturalequivalenceinthetargetlanguage.Andthesuccessofthefilmliesintheaudiences'responseandappreciation;thussubtitletranslationaimsatdeliveringinformation,helpingtheaudiencestounderstandandappreciatethefilms.Therefore,FunctionalEquivalenceTheorycanbeappliedtosubtitletranslation.
ThisthesiswillmakeananalysisofthefilmKungFuPandaII,whichiswell-knownwithChineseelements,undertheguidanceofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory.KungFuPandaII（2011）hasanumberofChinesefans,whichisthehighest-grossingfilmattheboxofficeoftheyear.Undoubtedly,theexcellentfilmsubtitlestranslationplaysaveryimportantpartinitssuccess.
ThisthesisattemptstoresearchintosubtitletranslationwithintheframeworkofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory,withKungFuPandaIIasacasestudy.ItfirstanalyzestheChineseelementsandlinguisticfeaturesofthefilm.ThenexploretheapplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryfromthelinguistic,stylisticandculturalaspectsinthefilmwithspecificexamples.Furthermore,combiningwiththecharacteristicsandconstraintsofsubtitle,thisthesisconcludessomestrategiesandtechniquesinsubtitletranslation,includingdomestication,addition,omission,paraphrase,adaptationofculturalimages,flexibleuseofcultural-specificwords,etc.thusthethesisdrawsaconclusionthatFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryoffersanewsightforthesubtitletranslationpracticeandprovideswaystosolvetranslationproblems.ByexploringtheapplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryintosubtitletranslation,thethesisaimstoprovidetheoreticalguidanceforsubtitletranslationandcallformoreattentioninfurtherstudyofthisrathernewfield.
Keywords:subtitletranslation;FunctionalEquivalenceTheory;KungFuPandaII;audiences'response
Abstract
Thisthesisanalyzestheprocessofself-redemptionoftheprotagonistsinCormacMcCarthy'sTheRoadintermsofValueReasonandInstrumentalReasoninrationalitytheory.Thispaperdiscusseshowhumanbeingsachieveredemptioninthealienatedmodernsociety.TheanalysisofcontradictionsbetweenValueReasonandInstrumentalReasonisemployednotonlytointerpretimagesshowninthenovelthatsymbolizealienation,butalsotodiscusshowtogetridofthebondageofhumanityalienation,sothatpeoplecanredeemthemselvesfromtheworldwhereValueReasonisdescending.Sothisthesisfocusesontheprotagonists'roadofredemption,studiesitfromtheapproachofhumanity,andexploresthepossibilityofpeopletoaccomplishself-redemptionbyinheritinghumanityandclingingtoValueReason.
Thisthesiscontainsfivechapters.ChapterOneincludesanintroductionoftheauthorandthenovel,literaturereviewswithsomeforeignanddomesticcritics'views,andabriefintroductionoftherelationshipsbetweenValueReasonandInstrumentalReason.ChapterTwoshowsthedesertedcivilizationinthenovelfromthreeaspects,namelythefallofValueReason,theriseofInstrumentalReasonandthecrisisofhumanity.Thenamelessheroesarefacedwithacrisisofloseinthespiritualworld.
ChapterThreeanalyzesthemeaningsofthefireandthetransmissionofthefirebymeansofritualizedbehaviorswhenthefatherandtheboyareundergoingthecircumstanceofdoubleloseinbothmoralandphysicaldirections.ThischapterconcludesthatpeoplecanrelyonhumanitytoachieveredemptioneveninagodlessworldwhereValueReasonfalls.ChapterFourmainlyfocusesonthetwoprotagonistsinTheRoad,thefatherandtheboy.Theyareoftenconsideredtobetheguardiansofmoralityandorders,thecarriersofthefireofhumanity.Thischapterintendstoexplorethemeansforpeopletoachieveredemptionbycomparingthosetwomaincharacters.Thefinalchaptersummarizestheabovecontentandindicatesthathumanscanrelyonthemselvestoachievetranscendenceofalienationandaccomplishthegoalofredemption.Thosewhohavefaithinhumanityare“theprophets”ofthemodernworld.
Keywords:McCarthy;TheRoad;redemption;humanity;ValueReason;InstrumentalReason
Abstract
BasedonWendt'sconstructivisttheoryaboutthethreelogicsofanarchy,thatis,Hobbesianculture,LockeancultureandKantianculture,thispaperfurtherpointsoutthatinternationalrelationsaredynamicandarealwaysmovingfromoneculturetoanother,particularlyfromLockeanculturetoHobbesianculture,orfromLockeanculturetoKantianculture.Andtheideaofoffshorebalancingcanberegardedasatypicalreflectionofthisinreality.ThispaperaimstomakeacasestudyoftheUSoffshorebalancingpolicytowardsEastAsia.
Thecoreofoffshorebalancingstrategyisagreatpowerusingitsdominancetoinfluencetherelationsofsomeotherstates.AndtheUSoffshorebalancingpolicytowardsEastAsiaisinessenceawaybywhichtheUStriestoexertitsinfluenceonChinaandJapan.Thispapertriestomakecleartheoffshorebalancingpolicy'sinfluenceontherelationsamongthethreestates（China,theUSandJapan），especiallyitsinfluenceontheSino-Japaneserelations,throughanalyzingallthenewsreportsofthePeople'sDailyonSino-USandSino-Japaneserelationsduringthepast24years.Alsothispaperattemptstobuildamathematicalmodeltoexplainhowthechangesoftherelationsamongthethreestatesinfluenceeachstateandregionalstability.
ThispaperdrawsaconclusionthattheUSoffshorebalancingpolicybringsmoreuncertaintytotheregionandalsobringsmorerisksthanintereststothethreestates.
Moreover,basedontheanalysisofoffshorebalancing,thispaperpointsouttherespectivelimitationofRealismandNeoliberalism:althoughpowerbringsastateadvantage,itsinfluenceisratherlimited;statesdesirecooperation,butagreatpowermaydislikecooperationbetween/amongothersandthusinterferewithitwithitsdominance.
Keywords:Constructivism,offshorebalancing,Sino-Japaneserelations
Abstract
Humor,asauniversallanguagephenomenon,isanimportantpartinpeople?sdailylife,whichcanamelioratehumanrelations,bringpleasantfeelingtopeople.
Westernscholarstendtoapplythethreeconventionalhumortheories,thesemantic-scripttheoryofhumorandthegeneraltheoryofverbalhumortostudyhumor,whileChinesescholarsmainlyanalyzeverbalhumorsincrosstalks,novelsandsitcomsfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric,cognitivelinguistics,andpragmatics.Atpresent,therearefewcomparativeresearchesonChineseandEnglishhumorathomeandabroad.
Asitcom,shortformforasituationcomedy,consistsofalargequantityofhumors,andisoneofthebestcarrierformsofhumor.Inrecentyears,asthecommunicationbetweenChinaandAmericabecomesmoreandmorefrequent,moreandmoreAmericansitcomsareintroducedtoChina.FriendsisoneofthemostsuccessfulAmericansitcoms.Ipartment,whichimitatesFriendsinmanyaspectssuchascharacters,plotsandlines,andenjoysgreatpopularityinrecentyearsinChina,isconsideredasthe“ChineseversionofFriends”.However,influencedbyculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica,thereexistdifferencesinverbalhumorbetweenthesetwositcoms.
Thisthesisadoptsthequalitativeandquantitativeresearchmethods,selectingfiveepisodeswithsimilartopicsrespectivelyinIpartmentandFriendsascorpus.TheCooperativePrincipleandthePolitenessPrincipleareappliedtoclassifyverbhumorsandtheHigh-context&Low-contextCulturetheoryisusedtoexplorethereasonsbehindthedifferencesinverbalhumorgenerationbetweenChinesesitcomsandAmericansitcoms.Thethesisaimstoexplorethefollowingtwoquestions:First,whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesinhumorgenerationbyviolatingtheCooperativePrincipleandthePolitenessPrinciplebetweenIpartmentandFriends?Second,howdoHigh-contextandLow-contextcultureinfluenceverbalhumorgenerationinChineseandAmericansitcomsrespectively?
ThethesisconcludesthatmostverbalhumorsinChineseandAmericansitcomsaregeneratedbyviolatingtheCooperativePrincipleandthePolitenessPrinciple.
ThereexistsimilaritiesaswellasdifferencesinverbalhumorgenerationbetweenChinesesitcomsandAmericansitcoms.Thedifferencescanmainlybeattributedtotheinfluenceofhigh-contextandlow-contextculture.ThemajorfindingsofthestudymayhelpChineseandAmericanaudiencesappreciateeachother?ssitcomsbetter.Inthemeantime,thestudyisexpectedtoshedlightonhowtolocalizeAmericansitcomsandhowtotransmitChinesehumorabroadthroughChinesesitcoms.
KeyWords:verbalhumor;sitcoms;theCP;thePP;High-context&Low-contextCulture
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