当前位置 —论文—写论文— 范文

开题报告类有关论文范本,与安徽建筑大学法律与政治学院相关毕业论文致谢

本论文是一篇开题报告类有关毕业论文致谢,关于安徽建筑大学法律与政治学院相关硕士毕业论文范文。免费优秀的关于开题报告及大学学报及交通安全方面论文范文资料,适合开题报告论文写作的大学硕士及本科毕业论文开题报告范文和学术职称论文参考文献下载。

ffendershaveapreviousDUIoffenseonrecord.Anexaminationofdriverrecordsforthe4,494personsconvictedofDUIinVermontduring1997and1998foundthat35adatleastonepriorconviction,withamediantimebetweenconvictionsof4.5years.EstimatesofthesizeoftheDUIrepeatoffenderpopulationavailablefromotherempiricalfindingsvarybystudydesignandlengthoffollow-upbuttypicallyreportthatbetween15%and35%ofDUIoffendersappearingincourtarerecidivists.SeveraladditionalstudiesdesignedtomeasureDUIrecidivisminthecontextofparticularprogramorpolicyevaluationsindicatethatDUIrecidivismrangesfromaboutone-fifthtoone-thirdofoffenders.

Predictionofindividualfailureisariskygameinmostcircumstances,althoughresearchonDUIoffendersindicatesthatanumberoffactorsareassociatedwithincreasedriskofcontinuedoffendingand,moreimportantly,suggestthatthepopulationofDUIoffendersismoreheterogenousthanhomogeneous.Forexample,"problemdrinkers"(thosewhoconsumealcoholonaregularbasis,ofteninlargequantitiesandinsolitude)haveamuchhigherriskofreoffendingthandothosenotconsideredproblemdrinkers.Sociodemographiccharacteristics,especiallyageandsex,arealsovaluableindicatorssincemalesaged18to34aremostinvolvedinself-reportedDUIbehaviorandenforcementactions.

Equallyimportantforunderstandingrecidivism,andofnosurprisetothepracticingdefenseattorneyorprosecutor,isthatdriverrecordandcriminalhistoryarebothrelatedtosubsequentDUIbehavior.Anumberofstudieshaveproducedfindingsthatlendcredencetoa"generaldeviancy"theoryofDUI:asignificantproportionofDUIoffenderstendtohaverelativelyextensivedrivingviolationand/orcriminalviolationrecords.Previousfindingssuggestthat,forasignificantproportionofDUIoffenders,drinkinganddrivingisonlyoneaspectofotherriskybehaviors,suchasalcoholism,dangerousdriving,andrisk-taking.

AcentralquestionraisedbycurrentDUIresearchersisthedegreetowhichoffendersmaybecastintoarecord-basedtypologywhichhascurrencyfortreatmentdecisionsandDUIpolicyformation.Specifically,areallDUIoffendersalikeand,ifnot,howmaydifferencesbetypifiedinawaythatisrelatedtosubsequentfailurePrioreffortstoidentifysignificantDUIsubgroupshaveyieldedmixedresultswithnoparticulartypologygainingprominenceamongresearchers.SimilaritiesamongstudiesconductedoverthepasttwodecadessuggestthatseveralkeydimensionsareimportantfordifferentiatingsubgroupsofDUIoffenders.Amongthesefactors,areproblemswithalcohol,BAClevelsatthetimeofarrest,*22offenderdemographicandpersonalitycharacteristics,drivinghistory,andcriminalhistory.

ThemostprehensivestudytodateinwhichanoffendertypologywasdevelopedwasconductedbyRoebuckandMurty,whoappliedageneraldevianceapproachtothestudyof2,786DUIoffendersfromGeiaDUIschools.BuildingonexistingliteratureonDUIandananalysisofarresthistories,theyidentifiedfoursubtypesofDUIoffenders:(1)first-timeDUIoffenders,(2)DUIrecidivists,(3)DUIandothertrafficoffenders,and(4)mixedmultipleoffenders.

TheRoebuckandMurtytypologywasusedinthepresentstudyprimarilybecauseitprovidesoneofthebestandmostpracticalapproachestodate.Forpurposesofthisstudythefirst-timeDUIoffenders(FIRST)groupconsistedofoffenderswhohadnopriorDUIorotherarrestsonrecord.TheDUIrecidivists(RECID)groupwasmuchsmallerandincludedthosewhohadpriorDUIarrestsandminoralcohol-relatedarrestsaswellasaverylimiteddrivingrecord.ThisgroupisbestdescribedasoffenderswhoappeartospecializeinDUI.TheDUIandothertrafficoffenders(TRAFFIC)groupwasprisedofpeoplewhowereprimarilybaddriverswhoincidentallyaccruedDUIchargesalongwithminoralcohol-relatedcharges.Thisgroupischaracterizedbylowlevelsofcriminalinvolvementbutextensivemotorvehiclerecords.Themixedmultipleoffenders(MULTIPLE)groupconsistedofoffenderswithlengthycriminalrecordsthatincludedavarietyofseriouscrimes(anyfelonylandedsubjectsinthisgroup)aswellasDUIandtrafficoffenses.

Thepresentstudyconsistedofasystematicanalysisofcriminalhistory,drivinghistory,andsociodemographicandassessmentvariablesforDUIoffenderswiththeprimaryobjectivetodeterminetheleveloffailureandcalculatebaselinerecidivismratesforthoseconvictedofDUIinVermont.Moreover,theRoebuckandMurtytypologyde-scribedabovewasappliedtoVermontDUIoffenderstodeterminethedegreetowhichoffendersaredistributedoverthetypesandtheutilityofoffendertypesinpredictingfailureatthegrouplevel.ItshouldbenotedthatindividualriskassessmentisaplicatedandinexactscienceforDUIoffenders,thisstudywasnotdesignedtoproduceariskassessmentinstrumentbutinsteadtoprovideafoundationforsuchefforts.

本文来源:http://www.sxsky.net/xie/07079871.html

Methodology

Aretrospectivelongitudinaldesigntypicalofthoseemployedindrivingundertheinfluence(DUI)recidivismstudieswasusedhere.Specifically,acohortof4,403peopleconvictedofDUIinVermontduringcalendaryears1993and1994weretrackedforfiveyearsfromthedateofconvictionfornewDUI,motorvehicle,andothercriminalchargesfiledagainstthem.Recordswereconstructedoneachsubjectfromco

上一页 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 下一页