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rishDolphinsmayhaveauniquedialect

Irishscientistsmonitoringdolphinslivinginariverestuaryinthesouthwestofthecountrybelievetheymayhavedevelopedauniquedialecttomunicatewitheachother.

TheShannonDolphinandWildlifeFoundation(SDWF)1hasbeenstudyingagroupofupto120bottle-nosedolphinsintheRiverShannon2usingvocalisationscollectedonaputerinacowshed3neartheRiverShannon.

Aspartofaresearchproject,studentRonanHickeydigitisedandanalysedatotalof1,882whistlesfromtheIrishdolphinsandthose4fromtheWelshdolphinsonaputerandseparatedthemintosixfundamentalwhistletypesand32differentcategories5.Ofthecategories,hefoundmost6wereusedbybothsetsofdolphins7--buteightwereonlyheardfromtheIrishdolphins.

"Wearebuildingupacatalogueofthedifferentwhistletypestheyuseandtryingtoassociatethemwithbehaviourlikeforaging,resting,socialisingandthemunicationsofgroupswithcalves,"projectleaderSimonBerrowsaid."Essentiallywearebuildingupwhatislikeadictionaryofwordstheyuseorsoundstheymake."

Berrow,amarinebiologist,saidthedolphins'clicksareusedtofindtheirwayaroundandlocateprey.Thewhistlesaremunications."Theydoawholerangeofothersoundslikebarks,groansandakindofgunshot,"hesaid."Thegunshotisanintensepulseofsound.Spermwhalesuseittostuntheirprey.

"WhenIfirsthearditIwassurprisedasIthoughtspermwhalesweretheonlyspecieswhousedit.Wecanspeculatethedolphinsareusingitforthesamereasonasthespermwhales,"Berrowsaid.

References8inlocallegendindicatetherehavebeendolphinsintheShannonestuaryforgenerationsandtheymayevenhavebeenresidentthereasfarbackasthe6thcentury9.

TheyareregularlyseenbypassengersontheShannonferryandanestimated25,000touristseveryyeartakespecialsightseeingtoursonlocalboatstovisitthem.

词汇:

Irish/(a((r((/adj.爱尔兰的socialise/(s((((la(z/v.社交,交往dolphin/(d(lf(n/n.海豚

bottle-nosedolphin宽吻海豚spermwhale巨头鲸

click/kl(k/n.咔哒声,喀嚓声estuary/(estju(r(/n.河口,江口

vocalisation/(v((k(la((z((((n/n.发声

shed/(ed/n.小屋,棚

digitalise/(d((((t(la(z/v.使数字化

whistle/((h)w(sl/n.啸声

forage/(f(r(((/v.搜寻(食物)prey/pre(/n.被捕食的动物

gunshot/(((n((t/n.射击声

groan/(r((n/n.呻吟,叹息

pulse/p(ls/n.脉冲

stun/st(n/v.击昏

注释:

1.TheShannonDolphinandWildlifeFoundation(SDWF):香农海豚与野生生物基金会.

theShannonRiver:香农河[位于爱尔兰共和国的中西部]

cowshed:牛棚

those指代前半句的whistles.

RonanHickey等separatedthemintosixfundamentalwhistletypesand32differentcategories:RonanHickey将啸声划分为6大类32种

most等于mostcategories

bothsetsofdolphins是指theIrishdolphins和theWelshdolphins.

Referencesinlocallegend::当地传说中的有关说法

theymayevenhavebeenresidentthereasfarbackasthe6thcentury:海豚可能早在公元6世纪就在香农河河口繁衍生息,resident是形容词,意思是"居住的".

练习:

1.Thedifferenceineatinghabitsbetweenthebottle-nosedolphinsandthespermwhalesinterestedtheSDWFscientists.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

2.RonanHickeyanalysedalmost2000differentdialectsofthebottle-nosedolphins..

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

3.Ofthe32categories,eightwereproducedonlybytheIrishdolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

4.Whistlescouldalsobeusedtomunicatebetweenadultdolphinsandbabydolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

5.Spermwhalescanproducestrongerultrasonicwavestokilltheirpreythandolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

6.Asearlyasthe6thcentury,IrishfishermenstartedraisingdolphinsintheShannonestuary.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

7.Irishdolphinsattracttouristsandover25,000peopleetoseethemeveryyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案与题解:

1.C本题所说的意思是宽吻海豚与巨头鲸进食习惯上大相径庭,这一点令科学家很感兴趣.题句表达的内容短文中找不到,故答案为C.2.B题句的意思是:RonanHickey分析了爱尔兰海豚发出的近2000种不同的方言.这句话与短文中叙述的意思不符.第三段第一句说:RonanHickey分析了爱尔兰海豚和威尔士海豚(不仅仅是爱尔兰海豚)发出的近2000种不同的啸声(不是方言).所以,本题选项B是答案.3.A题句表达的意思与第三段第二句所述的内容相符.32种啸声中有8种是爱尔兰海豚独有的.所以答案是A.4.A短文第四段第一句说科学家正在设法将啸声与海豚的行为特性联系起来,其中也包括成年海豚与小海豚之间的联络这一行为.题句的意思与原句的意思相符,所以答案是A.5.C本题所说的意思是鲸鱼能发出比海豚更强烈的超声波去杀死猎物.题句表达的内容短文中找不到,故答案为C.6.B短文第五段说的是,早在公元6世纪海豚就在香农河河口繁衍生息,而没有说早在公元6世纪渔民开始在香农河河口养殖海豚.题句的意思与文章的意思不符,所以答案是B.7.A题句表达的意思与最后一段的意思相符.原文说大约每年有25000名游客专程到此乘坐当地的小船观看海豚..所以答案是A.

ElectricBackpack(C级)

(替换2007年用书理工类阅读理解第二篇:WillQualityEatuptheUSLeadinSoftware)

Backpacksareconvenient.Theycanholdyourbooks,yourlunch,andachangeofclothes,leavingyourhandsfreetodootherthings.Someday,ifyoudon'tmindcarryingaheavyload,yourbackpacksmightalsopoweryourMP31player,keepyourcellphonerunning,andmaybeevenlightyourwayhome.

LawrenceC.RomeandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia2andtheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinWoodsHole3,Mass.4,haveinventedabackpackthatmakeselectricityfromenergyproducedwhileitswear

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