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产的310乙字钢一直采用现有的孔型系统,在轧制过程中存在腿部在孔型中充不满,造成腿部尺寸短尺的技术难题.

为了分析研究310乙字钢在孔型中的变形规律及孔型设计对产品质量的影响,本文采用了轧制实验和有限元模拟两种方法进行研究.

本文针对孔型系统,将孔型缩小为实际尺寸的1/5,利用实验轧机轧制铅试样的实验方法,研究了孔型形状参数,道次压下量等因素对310乙字钢成型的影响,为改变孔型系统,提高产品质量提供了解决的方向.实验结果表明:增长短腿水平投影长度有助于短腿的伸长.同时,实验室轧制的过程也为有限元模拟提供了计算策略.

在轧制实验的同时,采用显式有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对310乙字钢的轧制过程进行弹塑性有限元模拟,研究了950Ⅱ孔轧制变形过程中各道次轧件断面节点的x,y方向的流动规律.同时在模拟过程中,采用了多种方案进行模拟,对各种计算结果进行相互的比较,其变形规律与实验室模拟结果是一致的,从而可以得出应用有限元软件进行轧制过程的实验模拟是可靠的.

运用数值模拟方法,采用不同的孔型系统方案,模拟分析了采用连铸坯料轧制310乙字钢的可行性.通过比较结果,选用最优的方案(即D轧制方案)进行工业试验,从而减少了实验室试验的环节,缩短了产品开发的步骤,降低了产品研制的成本,提高了产品的市场竞争力.

为了使ANSYS有限元软件能够具有在分析310乙字钢轧制过程中的通用性,本文在ANSYS软件的基础上,采用APDL和UIDL相结合进行了二次开发,编写了适用于现场工程技术人员使用的310乙字钢模拟分析程序.

关键词:型钢轧制实验有限元模拟ANSYS二次开发

ABSTRACT

310Zshapesteelistheimportantsectionofthecarriageinthelorry.Intheviewoftechnique,310Zshapesteelrollinghastheplexdeformation,therollingtechniqueisverydifficultyandtherollpassdesignhasthehighrequest.Forthe310Zshapesteelrolling,theplantofrailandbeamofBaoGanghasusedthecurrentrollpass.Duringtherolling,thesectionoftheleghasnotpermeatedtherollpass.Sotheshapeoflegwasnotveryperfection.

Inordertostudytheruleofthedeformationintherollpassandtheeffectoftherolldesigntothequalityoftheproduct,twokindsofmethodsi.e.experimentalrollingandFEMsimulationareusedinprofoundresearchworks.

Therollingexperimentswereperformedintherollingmilloflaboratorywithlead,therollpassscaleis1:5accordingtotheactualsizeof310Zshapesteel.Theeffectofrollingdesignandthereductiontothemoldingofthe310Zshapeisthetopicoftheresearchworks.Wecanconcludethattheshorterlegwillincreasewhenthelengthoftheprojectionoftheshorterleg.TheresultswilloffertheaspectforincreasingthequalityoftheproductandcalculationstrategyforFEMsimulation.

Meanwhile,thedynamicexplicitelastic-plasticelementmethodsimulationofthe310ZshapesteelrollingprocessunderthesamerollingconditionwasperformedwiththeFEMsoftwareANSYS/LS-DYNA.TheflowingruleofthemetalwiththexandydirectioncanbereceivedafterstudyingthedeformationoftheZshapesteelinthe950Ⅱ.Someschemeofsimulationwillbeadoptedintheresearch.Havinganalyzedtheresults,thedeformedruleinthesimulationaccordswiththeresultofthelabexperimental.AnditwillprovethatthemethodofFEMintherollingisreasonable.

TheFEMmethodwillbeexertedtoanalyzethefeasibilityofrollingthe310Zshapesteelonbaseofthecontinuouslycastingbillet.Afterinvestigatingtheresults,theoptimizationscheme(theDscheme)canbeadoptedtocarrythroughtheindustrialexperimentation.Thismethodcancutdownthelabexperimentation,soitwilldepressthecostofexploitingthenewproductandenhancethepetitivecapabilityofthemanufactureinthemarket.

InordertousetheANSYSFEMsoftwaretosimulatethe310Zshapesteelroll,onthebasisofANSYS,theresearchadoptstheAPDLandUIDLtomakeaprogramfortheengineerswhoworkinthelocationoftheproduction.

Keywords:sectionsteel,rollingexperiment,FEM,simulation,ANSYS,re-development

论文题目:热变形Nd-Fe-B稀土永磁材料组织和织构的研究

StudyonMicrostructureandMagicTextureofHot-deformed

NdFeBRareEarthPermanentMags

研究生姓名:计云萍

导师姓名:任慧平教授

专业:材料加工工程

摘要:

本文研究了热变形Nd-Fe-B稀土永磁材料的铸锭组织和热变形过程中组织与织构的变化.合金在真空中频感应炉冶炼,随后进行不同工艺的热变形及热处理.然后观察显微组织,采用X射线衍射的方法分析织构的变化.结果表明:Nd-Fe-B合金铸锭中Nd2Fe14B相生长成片状晶,若干个彼此近似平行排列的片状晶组成一个片状晶团/s的热压变形工艺下,得到以(006)晶面的衍射峰为主峰的织构,即(006)织构,随形变量的增大,(006)织构进一步增强.初始织构对热变形Nd-Fe-B永磁的磁织构影响当试样的初始织构不显着时,热轧变形后永的磁织构增强当试样有非常发达的初始织构时,热轧变形后的永的磁织构减弱ThemicrostructureofNd-Fe-Bingotandtheinfluenceofhot-deformationonmicrostructureandmagictextureofNd-Fe-Bpermanentmagicalloyswerestudied.Thealloysweresmeltedinvacuumintermediate-frequencyinductionfurnace,thenthesampleswerehotdeformedandcarriedthroughheattreatment.MicrostructurewasobservedandtexturewasanalyzedbyX-raydiffraction.ResultsshowthatthegrowthofNd2Fe14Bgrainsduringsolidificationisinsheet-likepatternandseveralnearlyparallellathesformagroupofsheet.Hot-pressingdeformationrefinesthegrainsandwiththeincrementofdeformationratio,theNd2Fe14BgrainsarefurtherrefinedandNd-richphaseisinwell-proportioneddistributionalongthecrystalboundary.Nd-richphaseduringhot-pressingdeformationisinliquidstateanditplaysalubricantroleinhot-pressingdeformationinordertomakeNd2Fe14Bgrainsrotateandmovebeneficially.Heattreatmentimprovesthecrystalboundarymicrostructure.(006)textureisobtainedbyhot-pressingdeformationat700℃withadeformationrateof10-4ᦉ

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