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esehavehighpoliticaltrust(ShiTianjian,2001,MaDeyong,2007).Figure1showthedistributionofpoliticaltrust.Generally,thelevelofpoliticaltrustisveryhigh,mostpeople(72.84%)haveapoliticaltrustscoreshigherthan27andonlyfew(1.12%)respondentsreportscoreslowerthan18.

Independentvariables

There'retwocategoriesofindependentvariables:controlvariablesandexplanatoryvariables.Controlvariablesincludedemographicfactors(ageandsex),socio-economicfactors(education,ineandmigrantpopulation),politicalinterest,socialtrust,happiness等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等

等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等

Table1CitizensassessmentongovernmentgovernanceintransitionChina(percent,%)

VerygoodRathergoodNotgoodNotgoodatallEconomyperformance31.2060.237.890.68Economyexpectation80.5015.073.600.84Welfareperformance20.9155.9820.132.98Welfareexpectation17.1063.1118.960.84Publicperformance11.3154.1527.736.81Publicexpectation14.5271.4627.550.99

Similarlytopoliticaltrust,Chinesecitizens'assessmenttogovernmentgovernanceisrelativelyhigh.Table1indicatesChinesecitizens'retrospectiveandprospectiveassessmenttothreekindsofgovernmentgovernance.Citizensreportlowerscoresonretrospectiveassessmentthanprospectiveassessment,whichsuggestscitizenshaveoptimisticattitudeonthesocio-economicdevelopmentinthefuture.

Specifically,nomatterretrospectiveorprospectiveassessment,citizensreportthehighestscoreoneconomicdevelopment,91.43%ofthemsatisfiedwithcurrenteconomicdevelopmentand95.57%ofthemhavingconfidenceonChina'sfutureeconomicdevelopment,followedbysocialwelfare,76.89%ofthemsatisfiedwiththecurrentstatus,and80.21%believingtherewillbeimprovementonsocialwelfareinthefuturefiveyears,finallypurepublicgoodssupply,85.98%ofthecitizensagreegovernmentwillachieveimprovementonthesupplyofsuchpurepublicgoods等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等

等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等等.

Figure2GDPpercapitain73samplecountiesFigure3UnemploymentrateandGinicoefficientin73samplecounties

Unemploymentrate(Unemp):thepercentageofunemploymentpopulationin2007,

Ginicoefficient(Gini):Ginicoefficientiscalculatedfromindividualleveldata,

UnemploymentrateandGinicoefficientareanothertwoimportantindexestoassesstheleveloflocalgovernance.Figure3displaysthedistributionofunemploymentrateandGinicoefficientin73counties.Unemploymentratesaregenerallylow,50.68%countieswithratelowerthan0.5%andonly12.33%withratehigherthan1%,however,theGinicoefficientsarehigher.Thereare55counties(75.34%)withGinihigherthan0.4andeven16counties(21.92%)withGinihigherthan0.5.

3.3Model

Generallyspeaking,therearetwomainmethodstoexploretherelationshipbetweengovernmentperformanceandpoliticaltrust:(1)researchtherelationshipbetweencountry'shistorygovernanceperformanceandpoliticaltrustutilizingtimeseriesdata,(2)researchtherelationshipbetweensubjectiveassessmenttogovernanceperformanceatindividuallevelandpoliticaltrustusingthecross-sectiondata.However,bothofthemdonotdealwithmethodologyproblemappropriately.Thefirstoneneglectscitizen,whoisthesubjectofpoliticaltrust,thesecondonereplacesobjectivegovernanceperformancewithsubjectiveassessmentandthusconfusesgovernmentgovernanceitselfandcitizens'assessment.Basedonthesereasons,subjectiveassessmenttogovernanceperformanceatindividuallevelandobjectivegovernanceperformanceatcountylevelwillbeanalyzedatthesametimeinthispaper等等等等等等等等等等等等.

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4Subjectivegovernanceassessmentandpoliticaltrustinindividuallevel

Asanexploratorystudy,thispaperfirstlyutilizesOLSmodeltofitthedatainindividuallevel.Thismodeltreatage,sex,education,ine,migrant,socialtrust,politicalinterestandsenseofhappinessascontrolvar

关于参考文献论文范文参考文献iables,andsetupretrospective/prospectiveassessmentofeconomicdevelopment,retrospective/prospectiveassessmentofsocialwelfareandretrospective/prospectiveassessmentofpurepublicgoodsupplyasexplanatoryvariables.Table2showstheresultofOLS.

5Objectivegovernmentgovernanceandpoliticaltrust

Onlytheeffectofsubjectiveassessmentofgovernanceperformanceonpoliticaltrustcannotverifythehypothesisthatgovernmentgovernancehasaneffectonpoliticaltrust.Governance,akindofgovernmentactivitiesforthepurposetofulfillsomepolicyaim,anditsperformancecanbemeasuredbyaseriesofobjectiveindex,isobjectiveitself.It'sInfact,limitedbyinformationandeconomicrationality,citizensareusuallynotabletoreachpreciseanduniformjudgeforobjectivegovernance.Evensocitizens'assessmentsarestillanimportantmeasurementforgovernanceperformance,justnotequaltotheobjectivegovernmentgovernance等等等等等等等

6Conclusion

Thestatisticalmodelatindividuallevelshows,citizens'positiveretrospectiveandprospectiveassessmentsoneconomicdevelopment,socialwelfareandpurepub

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