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shesofpeopletorebelagainstimperialismandfeudalismandpursuetheirfreedom.ThemostfamedrepresentativeswereStreetAngel(1937)andCrossroad(1937).

Inthe1940s,althoughthefilmmarketwasinachaoticstatebecauseofbeingontheeveofChina’sliberation,film-makingadvancedmorequicklythanithadinthe1930s.Forinstance,bothoftheclassicalworksSpringRiverFlowsEastward(1947)andLightofMillionHopes(1948)hadhighartisticvaluesandcreativespirits.

Ingeneral,“duringthe43yearsfrom1905to1948,Chinaprogressedfromshowingonlyforeign-madefilmstoshootingitsownandfromusingforeignfundsandtechnologiestofilmingindependently.Eventually,Chinabecamestrongenoughtodevelopitsownnationalcinema”.

DuringthedecadesfollowingtheestablishmentofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,mostofthefilmswereconcerningthewarofresistanceagainsttheJapaneseaggressionandthecivilwar,andtomemorateandextolthepeople’sheroeswhosacrificedinthosewars.Forinstance,DongCunrui(1955)byGuoWeiandTheRedDetachmentofWomen(1961)byXieJin.However,China’sfilmindustryfellintodisastertimeduringtheperiodof“CulturalRevolution”.Therewasnofilmsproducedbetweentheyearof1966and1972duetothestrictconfinesofpoliciesandinthelatterfouryears,filmunfortunatelybecamethetoolofthe“GangofFour”policy-makerstomunicaterevolutionarythinking.

Intheyearsfollowingthe“CulturalRevolution”,film-makersbegantofreetheirmindsandtherangeoffilmsubjectsweremoreextendedthaneverbefore.Filmindustryboomedagainandmoviebecameapopularmediumofentertainment.TheemergenceoftheFifthGenerationoffilm-makerswhomademoviesforthesakeofartsshockedChina’sfilmindustryandsomerepresentativedirectorswonawardsatinternationalfilmfestivalsonceandagain.Forinstance,intheyearof1987,ZhangYimouwontheGoldenBearAwardsattheBerlinFilmFestivalforhisfirstinternationalawardwithRedShumandthefilmhasachievedartisticandmercialsuccessesdomesticallyandinternationally.Similarly,anotherhighlyacclaimeddirectornamedChenKaigewonnumerousinternationalawardsaswellwithhismostfamousYellowEarth(1984).


Atthesametime,becauseChina’sfilmproductionturnedtobemarket-orientedinthe1980s,anumberofdirectorsstartedtomakemercialfilmsforentertainmentbutnotart.Thefilmsforthispurposerangingfromhumorousfilms,cartoonfilmstokongfufilms,andtheproductionofthesefilmsreacheditspeakattheendof1980sandevenlastedto1990s.TheentertainmentfilmshadasignificantpositioninChina’sfilmmarket,especiallyontheaspectofbalancingtheexpansionofforeignentertainmentfilmswhichwereallowedtobeshowninChinabyChinesegovernmentsince1995.

Ingeneral,alloftheartmoviesmadebytheFifthGenerationandtheSixthGenerationfilm-makersandtheentertainmentmovieshavegainedconspicuoussuccessesathomeandabroad,andopenedanewphaseforChina’sfilmindustryinthenewmillennium.

Chapter2:AnalysisonTheVaryingMacroEnvironmentofChina’sFilmMarketInPastTwoDecades

Whenseekingtounderstandthehistoricaldevelopmentoffilmindustryinanycountry,whetheritisinChinaorIndiaorUnitedStates,itisalwaystruetobearinmindthattheeffectofmacroenvironmentofthemarketisanextremelyimportantfactorthatcannotbeignored.Asfilmsaredistinctproductsofvariousculturalgeographies,itisobviousthatdifferentmacroenvironmentscanhavedifferenteffectsonthefilmindustry.AccordingtoPhilipKotlerandGaryArmstrong,themacroenvironmentconsistsofdemographic,economic,natural,technological,political,andsocialforces.RegardingthefilmindustryinChina,themacroenvironmentofitsfilmmarkethaschangeddramaticallyinpasttwodecades,especiallyontheaspectsofpolitical,economic,socialandtechnologicalfactors.Thesetransformationsareworthytobeanalyzedcarefullyfortheimportantsignificancestheyhold.

2.1PoliticalEnvironment

Attheverybeginningof1980s,China’sfilmmarketwaspletelystate-controlled.Theformofcentralizationwaslackofscientificmanagementandlong-termstrategy.Asaresult,theproblemsoflowproductivityandinefficiencyofthestate-runenterprisesinsuchapoliticalenvironmentbroughtfinancialcrisistot

关于对中国电影产业市场环境营销策略的专升本毕业论文范文
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hefilmindustry.Allthreesectorswithintheindustry:production,distributionandexhibitionlostmoney.Thecrisiscalledforareforminthehopeofalteringmarketpositionandreconstructingtheindustry.Thereupon,inthesecondhalfof1980s,Chinesegovernmentimplementedreformfirstlyinthedistributionsector.Differentfrombefore,localdistributorsweregrantedmoreeconomicautonomyandfinancialresponsibilities,andnolongerfunctionedonlyasthemediumwhopassedalongmoviestothecinemasandturnedovertheboxofficerevenuetothecentralgovernment.Furthermore,theybegantohavetherighttoshareprofitswiththegovernment.

InJanuary1985,theChinaFilmBureau(GUOJIADIANYINGZONGJU)heldaprofessionalconferencetoassesstheouteofearlyreformanddiscussthewaysforfurtherimprovements.Decentralization,pricereformandenterprisereformwereissuedasthekeymeasuresintheconference.Consequently,stateinterventionontheoperati

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