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ptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.

A.ArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivecourseReadingitsimplyforpleasureSkimmingitforinformationWaysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

B.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.

C.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheashemptionthattheywillbeerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.

D.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonesauthorintended.

E.Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatfromthebasisofpersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

F.Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedtheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor'sownthoughts.

G.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsofanizationorpatteringweperceiveinatext'sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10pionts)

Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideifemigration-oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory-sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.

(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattempttotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstonewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononceanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hasacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.

(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16thcenturyexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.

TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,"Theairattwelveleagues'distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden."Thecolonists'firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber等

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanofabout100wordsremendingabooktotheclubmembers.

Youshouldstatereasonsforyouremendation.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould

(1)Describethepicturebriefly,